Without being the owner of a trade mark, a third party may use it in order to indicate the intended purpose of a product which it markets. Such use must, however, satisfy the criterion of necessity and fulfil the condition of ‘honest practices in industrial and commercial matters’.
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Assistance covering maintenance costs of students falls within the scope of application of the EC Treaty for the purposes of prohibition of discrimination on grounds of nationality.
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Distance contracts for car hire are not covered by the right to a full refund in the event of cancellation by the consumer.
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The VAT (Input Tax)(Persons Supplied) Order 1991 permitting employers to deduct VAT on sums reimbursed to employees for vehicle fuel they buy is incompatible with EC law.
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Gloster J held that an arbitration award could be enforced against Lithuania. Although Lithuania had not lost immunity under ss2 or 3 of the State Immunity Act 1978, it had lost immunity under s9.
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