A defence of duress was not available where as a result of the defendant voluntarily joining a criminal gang he had foreseen or ought reasonably to have foreseen a risk that he would be forced to act through threats of violence. A statement intended to exonerate the maker and which at face value so appears, but which later becomes damaging to the maker at trial, cannot be a confession under s.76 PACE 1984.
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A person’s fingers, placed in his jacket so as to appear to be a gun, cannot amount to an imitation firearm.
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